Bone marrow transplant (BMT) is one of the modern therapy methods indicated in a lot of serious diseases (congenital, autoimmune, neoplastic). Unfortunately, BMT is limited by the difficulty of finding a suitable HLA-matching donor. Also the graft versus host disease (GVHD) risk is approximately 60% in an unrelated donor.

   The updated term for BMT represents in fact the stem cell transplant. Stem cells are resident in bone marrow, peripheral blood and umbilical cord. This is a form of cell therapy that uses normal stem cells for haematopoetic and immune system recovery.

    Starting with the 80-ies, a lot of trials indicated cord blood as an alternative to classical BMT. In June1992 the first cord blood bank was set up in USA. Since then, a lot of public and private banks are available all over the world.

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